Analysis Of George Orwell s The Road - 3871 Words

INTRODUCTION â€Å"Lord of the Flies† by William Golding, â€Å"1984† by George Orwell, â€Å"The Time Machine† by H.G. Wells and â€Å"A Brave New World† by Aldous Huxley are all novels of the dystopian genre, that explore a post-apocalyptic world. The genre of the post-apocalypse is becoming ever more popular in the post World War Two English speaking world. The authors of these novels I feel, have a very distinct voice and style they create themselves to explore this world. A recent novel that really struck me as a novel in which the writer creates a unique tone in which to write his book in is Cormac McCarthy’s, â€Å"The Road†. In â€Å"The Road†, McCarthy has a distinct and plangent tone. The English used by McCarthy differs from the English used in novels of†¦show more content†¦So, in my essay, through the analysis of the language in specific depiction of settings, themes, ideas and the author’s voice, how the writer creates a language to fully depict the setting of his post-apocalyptic novel. MAIN BODY In the novel â€Å"The Road†, Cormac McCarthy presents and creates a language to comprehensibly describe and create an image of hell. â€Å"Literature differs from life in that life is amorphously full of detail, and rarely directs us towards it, whereas literature teaches us to notice†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I feel this quote is particularly relevant to McCarthy, as his description in novels, although seemingly in analysis rather barren, his use of descriptive language creates and extremely vivid image. McCarthy uses simple adjectives, repetition and narrates the novel in a godlike omnipresent voice, as well as employing biblical style language and sentence structure. His language in the novel is â€Å"as minimalist as ever† , as indeed it is in his style to write simplistically. One can compare, any line from any of his novels, and see this. This can be seen in his other novels, for example â€Å"No Country for Old Men†, which was written too in this style of language and is described as â€Å"nothing if not pre-apocalyptic†. If one reads this novel, or any of his novels, this style is obvious, but it is arguably particularly effective in â€Å"The Road† to create a language of the post-apocalypse. McCarthyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Road 1301 Words   |  6 PagesIn The Road to Wigan Pier (1937), Orwell tries out his own understanding of socialism, with striking phrasing: â€Å"We’ve got to fight for justice and liberty. And socialism does mean justice and liberty, when the nonsense is stripped off it.† He further declares that â€Å"the real socialist is one who wishes—not merely conceives it as desirable but actively wishes—to see tyranny overthrown† (Orwell, The Road 76). One senses here that the point is not the ultimate triumph of a particular doctrine or partyRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Road Of Wigan Pier 1806 Words   |  8 Pageswere very poor, work was hard to find, money was tight, people were malnourished; homeless; or dying in the coal mines. Conditions in England’s industrial North were horrifying. As George Orwell travels to Wigan and its surrounding areas on a two month sabbatical tha t serves as his inspiration for his book, â€Å"The Road to Wigan Pier,† which shows the bleak living conditions for the poor and unemployed of the area. It also uses these conditions, and his own upbringing as a sounding board for the moralityRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Road Of Wigan Pier 1590 Words   |  7 PagesGeorge Orwell, an English socialist active during the 1930’s, was chosen to write a book about poverty, unemployment and living conditions of the working class by the Left Book Club. His book, The Road to Wigan Pier, revealed industrialism as the fundamental issue within English society and its effects on a depressed England. Industrialism, at the root of his argument, acts as the leading contributor to the harsh working conditions in mining towns and the astronomical poverty levels, but, also, theRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Road Of Wigan Pier 2530 Words   |  11 PagesThe Road to Wigan Pier’, an autobiography written by George Orwell, was first published in 1937. The first half of this book documents Orwell’s observations about the poor living conditions amongst some working class families belonging to Yorkshire and Lancashire, in the period before World War Two had begun. In the second half, Orwell wrote a long essay about his own experiences in the book where he covered topics such as his middle-class upbringing, the developing ideas regarding his politicalRead MoreReview Of George Orwell s The Road 1923 Words   |  8 PagesReview on George Orwell – The Road to Wigan Pier Course – BA Hons (With foundation) Community studies. Health, youth, and community Module – Reading Modern Society Tutor – Wendy Bateman Student ID – 1608296 Submission Date – Tuesday 6th December 2016 Describe and illustrate an informed opinion based on research and analysis of evidence Analyse information, experiences, and article reasoned arguments through reflection, review and evaluation. Demonstrate an introductoryRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1403 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwell believes â€Å"What you get over and over again is a movement of the proletariat which is promptly characterized and betrayed by astute people at the top and then the growth of a new governing class. The one thing that never arrives is equality† (Letemendia 1). Orwell simply loathes revolution and thinks it is unfair to the majority, for the people. He thinks that while individuals change, the people in power are always corrupt and they will corrupt any attempt at change. He communicatesRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Everyday Life 1380 Words   |  6 Pagesthe English Language, George Orwell explains how language is used to hide facts that may sound displeasing to the public, while in his text The Psychopathology of Everyday Life (1901), Sigmund Freud proves how language is used to hide unacceptable thoughts deep within our minds. Orwell and Freud hold different opin ions on what language is used to hide due to their differing historical contexts, but they both conclude that language, in its current state, cannot be trusted. Orwell offers several reasonsRead More Animal Farm as a Political Satire to Criticise Totalitarian Regimes4636 Words   |  19 PagesAnimal Farm as a Political Satire to Criticise Totalitarian Regimes This study aims to determine that George Orwells Animal Farm is a political satire which was written to criticise totalitarian regimes and particularly Stalins practices in Russia. In order to provide background information that would reveal causes led Orwell to write Animal Farm, Chapter one is devoted to a brief summary of the progress of authors life and significant events that had impact on his political convictions. ChapterRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 Essay2089 Words   |  9 PagesThe analysis of Ray Bradbury s dystopian novel, Fahrenheit 451, shows that literature as books, education and alike is abused and criminalized in the hero’s reality, who is Guy Montag. The novel’s setting is when new things seem to have totally replaced literature, fire fighters set flames instead of putting them out, the ownership of books is deserving of the law and to restrict the standard is to court demise. The oppression of literature through innovation and technology can be analyzed throughRead MoreGeorge Orwell23689 Words   |  95 PagesGeorge Orwell England Your England As I write, highly civilized human beings are flying overhead, trying to kill me. They do not feel any enmity against me as an individual, nor I against them. They are ‘only doing their duty’, as the saying goes. Most of them, I have no doubt, are kind-hearted lawabiding men who would never dream of committing murder in private life. On the other hand, if one of them succeeds in blowing me to pieces with a well-placed bomb, he will never sleep any the worse for

Population And Its Effects On The World - 1448 Words

In the world there are lots of different organisms. The number of organisms in a group can be referred to as the organism’s population. When the term population is thrown around, the human race comes to mind. But what is the human population? Where is it most dense? Is it good or bad? Let us learn. Population is defined as the number of inhabitants in a particular area. Currently on the face of the earth there are approximately 7.2 billion people alive at this very moment and as of 2013, 36 million of these people live in Canada. The top 10 countries by population are: China with 1.4 billion people, India with 1.3 billion people, the United Sates with 322 million, Indonesia with 253 million, Brazil with 200 million, Pakistan with 185 million, Nigeria with 178 million, Bangladesh with 158 million, Russia with 142.5 million and Japan with 127 million people. As can be seen a lot of people live in Asia. To be specific, 61% of the world’s population lives in Asia but why i s this the case? There are many reasons as to why there are so many people in Asia. One reason is Asia’s agricultural development. Asian culture thrived in the past because they mastered growing a high amount of food in small areas. They grow such copious amounts of rice, and copious amounts of other food types of food that they can support copious amounts of people. Another reason for high Asian populations is the lack of cultural social safety net. In many of these countries, there is not unemploymentShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Alcohol Consumption On Adult Populations Across The World1476 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol consumption is well entrenched in the social fabric of many adult populations across the world, virtually constituting a behavioral norm. It is cheap, legal and readily available. Regular and extensive alcohol consumption is a brain-centered addictive behavioral disorder that crosses all boundaries of gender, race, age, social class and, in many patients, might lead to alcoholic liver disease (ALD).1-3 Not only does heavy drinking significantly increases morbidity and mortality from infectiousRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And Its Effects On The World s Growing Population1689 Words   |  7 Pagesit is estimated that there may only be 60 more years of usable topsoil remaining (What if the World s Soil Runs Out?). Topsoil is important because it supplies water and nutrients to plants, while giving microbes the carbon they need (What if the World s Soil Runs Out?). Degraded soil results in lower crop yields, which is counterproductive to supplying sufficient food to the world’s growing population. The way that genetically modified crops help this issue is by allowing farmers of modified plantsRead MoreHow The Population Growth Has Had A Negative Effect On The World s Natural Resources2179 Words   |  9 Pages Human population has been growing at an exponential rate over the past century. The Population Reference Bureau released a report showing the significant change in populations around the world. In 1950, the world’s population was roughly 2.5 billion. Only 55 years later, the population had sprung to as high as 6.5 billion worldwide. If our population was to continue at this rate, the population would reach 9 billion in the year 2050. One may argue that growth in population increases competitionRead MoreThe Environmental Impact of Overpopulation Essay862 Words   |  4 PagesThe human population has continued to grow through the decades. The increasingly large number of people that have become apart of the world population has become a major problem. The consequences of the world being over populated has numerous effects which include: Environmental effects, depletion of natural resources, effects on the economy, food and water instability, and mass species extinction. Wit hout a solution to the rise in human population, by the year 2020, 8 billion people will liveRead MoreOverpopulation Is More Than Just A Crowded Planet1343 Words   |  6 PagesIn the year 1 A.D., the Earth’s population was 300 million. In 1850, after many decades of consistent population growth, it eventually surpassed one billion. From that point on in history, the world population began to climb rapidly (Haub). Each year, the world population surpasses what any scientist has ever thought possible. Some would consider this expansion as a sign of success considering the causes of a rapidly growing population include improved health care, new technology, progressive erasRead MoreOverpopulation And The Problem Of Overpopulation1388 Words   |  6 Pagescondition wherein the total population of a particular region far exceeds the carrying capacity of the region. Although the term by and large refers to the ratio between population and the available area, the ratio between th e population and available resources cannot be ignored. First, the rate at which the population is growing; the data compiled by the United Nations shows that the world population grew by 30 percent between 1990 and 2010. Second, the distribution of population; with China and IndiaRead MoreThe Effects Of Human Overpopulation On The Environment1242 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Human Overpopulation on the Environment â€Å"Can one apple slice feed the world?† If the world were an apple, farmland would only be one very thin slice. The growing population on this Earth has some serious questions that it needs to consider as a whole. How are we all going to eat with eight billion mouths to eat? Farmers have an interesting proposition, they need to feed a growing population with very little land. Overpopulation also has negative effects on the earth through pollutionRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On Human Population1458 Words   |  6 Pagespast 100 years, the population of the world has gone from about 2 million people to just over 7 million people. With this drastic change in population in such a short period of time compared to the total age of the earth, problems are no doubtable going to arise. From the demand of the ever rising human population on the earth, food accessibility, depletion of natural resources, and an increase in global warming affects all have detrimental conseq uences on our human population and our own earth thatRead MoreOverpopulation Is A Serious Problem1442 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many threats to global health in today’s world but the one that seems to be the greatest threat to the entire world is overpopulation. Overpopulation is a serious problem that is having an extreme effect on the health of every citizen of every country. The problems caused by overpopulation could even prove to be a fatal epidemic to the human population. Oftentimes overpopulation is overlooked due to a lack of knowledge or simply because many government officials have dismissed overpopulationRead MoreGlobalization : The World Of Politics And The Human Population1648 Words   |  7 Pagestogether and sharing ideas however, it has effects on the environment, culture, the economy, politics and the human population (Globalization 101). Globalization has effected the environment due to human productivity; cars, technology, mining, farming and the ad vancements of different products. Globalization has effected culture due to the diffusion of ideas, beliefs and values around the world extending the social relationships with people around the world. Globalization has also effected the economy

Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay Immortality Example For Students

Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay Immortality â€Å"But then I ask the question: How many men must die before we can really have a free and true and peaceful society?How long will it take?If we can catch the spirit, and the true meaning of this experience, I believe that this nation can be transformed into a society of love, of justice, peace, and brotherhood where all men can really be brothers.† -Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Since the beginning of early civilization, differences in races and cultures have been a part of society. Along with these differences, there evolved a hatred against what was not considered â€Å" the norm† . For many years, prejudice, especially in the form of racism, has sparked many hate crimes and wars. Over generations, people have devised strategies to combat these injustices in the most effective way possible, whether it be civil or violent ways of protest. August Wilson’s Pulitzer Prize winning play, â€Å" The Piano†, is set in the early 1930s at a time when racism was spreading like wild fire. The play takes a close look into two dynamically different approaches to overcoming prejudice in America. Although their strategies differ greatly, both Berniece and Boy Willie both find ways to combat the problems associated with living in a racist culture. Slavery is still fresh in the minds of many blacks and whites during the ‘30s and so are many harsh feelings. Berniece and Boy Willie tackle the racism of their time in the same way their parents did. Bernice’s personality is very similar to her mother’s, Mama Ola. She chooses to avoid conflicts over racism whenever possible, even if it means keeping quiet about subjects that should be addressed. She finds it easier to â€Å" lay low† than to create a situation. Berniece views the history of the piano with the same disdain and sorrow that her mother held for so many years. In one of many heated arguments with Boy Willie, Berniece says, â€Å" Mama Ola polished over this piano with her tears for seventeen years seventeen years worth of cold nights and an empty bed. For what a piano? To get even with somebody. and what did it ever lead to? more killing and more thieving.† When Boy Willie speaks, one can almost hear the vigor and determination of his father, Papa Boy Charles’ voice. He, much like his father, believes in the theory: â€Å"by whatever means necessary.† Boy Willie is willing to do whatever it takes and remove whoever stands in his way; and that includes getting rid of any white man that poses a threat against his dreams. Boy Willie is very proud that his father gave his life to steal the piano, with the carvings of his family’s history, from Sutter, the man who enslaved his great grandmother and his grandfather. Papa Boy Charles believed that his family would always be slaves as long as Sutter still had ownership of the piano. Boy Willie tells Berniece that she should tell her daughter, Maretha, about the story behind the piano so that she can be proud of her grandfather. â€Å"You ought to mark down on the calendar the day that Papa Boy Charles brought that piano into the house. ..throw a party.. .have a celebration.† Although their points of view are similar to their parents, they are very opposed in their strategies for dealing with racism. At a time when racism is at its peak due to unresolved issues on both sides, the future for blacks in America seems bleak. Although slavery has ended, brutal attacks against blacks still exist and many are worse off financially than they were as slaves. Berniece looks at her lifestyle from a realist’s point of view with little optimism. She sees no chance of growth for blacks and expresses this when she says, â€Å" I’m going to tell her the truth.. .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114 , .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114 .postImageUrl , .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114 , .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114:hover , .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114:visited , .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114:active { border:0!important; } .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114:active , .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114 .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u726b64682c5961b4c973656a6f847114:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 12 Angry Men Essay.you at the bottom with the rest of us that’s just where she living.† Berneice believes that blacks are at the bottom of life and they may never overcome their situation. Although she believes that blacks can find success; she feels that successs is limited to the boundaries in which blacks are born. She follows the idea that some blacks refer to as â€Å" the house negro mentality†. This nickname was coined for those slaves who were comfortable with their lifestyles because they saw nothing good that could come from freedom. Berniece believes blacks must gratefully take what is handed to them and work with what they receive. If they become to greedy they may wind up with nothing. Surprisingly, Boy Willie chooses to be optimistic in spite of his surroundings. In a world that tells him that there is no future for people of color, Boy Willie is an idealist. He sees a future for himself beyond the color of his skin and is determined to go out and grab it. He also knows that he cannot wait for white men to drop success on his lap; he has to get it himself. Despite his sister’s opinions, Boy Willie does not see himself at the bottom but instead at the top of society. â€Å"I’m living at the top of life. I ain’t gonna just take my life and throw it away at the bottomI’m in the world like everybody else. † He further stresses this opinion when he says, â€Å" how a person views himself is how he will live†. Boy Willie tells Berniece that if a person chooses to believe he is at the bottom and there is no future; that is how he will live at the bottom with no future.He also believes that he is the same and deserves just as much as any white man. He sees himself as an equal and perhaps, better off than some white men. Boy Willie refuses to believe that white men are somehow better than him or deserve more than him. Boy Willie and Berneice definitely differ in how they handle racist situations and the injustices committed against them. Berniece chooses to battle racism in a more submissive way. She sees only the pain and heartache that can result from taking a stand against prejudice. Her father died trying to prove his manhood to white men and she sees nothing good that can come from speaking out. Speaking out can only make the living situation for blacks worse in Berneice’s opinion. Boy Willie takes a more militant approach to battling racism. Boy Willie is bold and outspoken and does not care whose feet he steps on to get his point across. He is fearless and perhaps foolish when he says, â€Å" a nigger that ain’t afraid to die is the worst kind of nigger for the white man†. Boy Willie is willing to fight, or even kill, any white man that stands between him and freedom. He tells Wining Boy that no white man could ever mistreat him because he refuses to be mistreated. He treats people the way they treat him. No stranger to jails, Boy Willie shows complete disregard for the laws of the land. He feels that the law only applies to him when it is convenient and satisfies his needs. He feels that the law was not designed for him but against him, and unless it fits his purposes he will not abide by it. Boy Willie refuses to allow anyone to rule over him in any manner, whether that man is black or white. In the play, â€Å" The Piano Lesson†, August Wilson’s characters offer two popular ways used by blacks for surviving in a racist culture. In one case, the character of Berniece choose to live in silence in order to avoid any repurcussions that would result from speaking out. Boy Willie chooses to fight any man that steps in his way and tries to prevent him from finding the oppurtunity and freedom that he deserves. Although some forms of their strategies are effective; in the long run, they are both terribly wrong. .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3 , .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3 .postImageUrl , .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3 , .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3:hover , .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3:visited , .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3:active { border:0!important; } .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3:active , .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3 .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u87c697e4bdf75a5bf83fb9bc30d3cee3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Empowerment And Participation Essay By choosing to live in denial about the way blacks are treated; Berniece is actually allowing this kind of abuse to continue. Unless people speak out when they are unjustly treated, no change can ever occur. One must look within himself to find the courage to stand up for what he believes in despite what backlash may incur. Berneice is definitely safer in comparison to Boy Willie’s ideas. His behavior and ideas are brash, foolish, and self-destructive. His hateful ways can offer no solution to the present state of racism. By choosing to be headstrong, the only achievement he may receive for his actions is death. Violence and outright disobedience is never a recipe for peace. The Reverend Martin Luther King,Jr. probably best understood the importance of devising a strategy that could combat racism and bring about peace among all races. Through the means of peaceful protest, teaching, understanding, and love; people, the world over can look towards a future of peace.

The dominant view of deafness in our society

The dominant view of deafness in our society, which has been labeled the â€Å"pathological† view, defines deafness as a condition which is medical in nature and characterized by an auditory deficiency (Amatzia). Such a perspective naturally leads to efforts trying to reduce the effects of the deficiency. This view of deafness is based on the idea that deaf people are not different from hearing people. Moreover, they are considered to be inferior to hearing people because the last can hear, while deaf people cannot.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The dominant view of deafness in our society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A pathological view of deafness eventually leads to efforts aiming to help a deaf individual feel as much free and comfortable as a hearing person does. This is exactly what is done when the process of teaching focuses on speech and reading of the lips. In addition, there has been a gre at emphasis on using the hearing aids in order to enable a person who has little hearing capacity or capability to be able to hear. This approach further seeks to identify medical solutions to people with deafness (Friend). This paper seeks to analyze the historical debate among educators of the deaf with respect to whether or not signing of any sort should be used in deaf education. It also evaluates the role that the curriculum developers play with regard to deaf education. Introduction American Sign Language is a visual language where one utilizes the gestures in order to convey a point or communicate. It is a natural language, meaning that it has developed naturally over time by its users, deaf people (Friend). ASL has all of the features of any language. It has rules which are governed by a system using symbols to represent meaning. In ASL, the symbols are specific hand movements and configurations that are modified by facial expressions to bring a specific meaning home to the others. These gestures are called signs (Gargiulo). Contrary to the common belief, ASL is not derived from any spoken language, nor is it a visual code representing English (Amatzia; Lucas, Robert and Clayton). It is a unique language which does not depend on speech or sound. ASL has its own grammar, sentence structure, natural usage, slang, style, and regional variations; these are the characteristics that define any language. ASL is a shared language that unites deaf people into what is known as the Deaf community. Deaf with a capital ‘D’ is used in publications to recognize the cultural and linguistic associations of Deaf people who are the members of the Deaf community, whereas deaf with a lower case ‘d’ is used to refer to deaf people who do not embrace ASL or involve themselves in the values, organizations, and events that are brought forth by signing Deaf people (Lucas, Robert and Clayton).Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if w e can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Deaf community is not bound by geographic borders, but rather comprised of those people who are elected to become members by using ASL as their preferred mode of communication and by accepting the cultural identity of Deaf People. It is difficult to give an accurate number of how many people are in the Deaf community because census takers typically lump together all the people who have a hearing loss (Amatzia). Many researchers believe that approximately 10 % of the total population has some degree of hearing loss and approximately 1 % of that number represents Deaf people, it is about half a million people in the Deaf community (Tennant and Marianne). The people most likely to be natural users of ASL are those who have Deaf parents. People, who lose their hearing before they begin to speak when they are children, may become native signers if they are exposed to ASL at an early age. These people, who are unabl e to hear English and learn it naturally, must be taught English through formal means (Lucas, Robert and Clayton). Hearing children of Deaf parents also acquire ASL as the first language. However, this process tends to cross the cultures of the Deaf and hearing worlds. These children, like their Deaf counterparts, are often referred to as bicultural and bilingual (Tennant and Marianne). Continuing low educational achievement of deaf children One of the most frequently noted facts about deaf students is their persistent achievement far below the levels of age mates without hearing impairments. Language deprivation alongside social and emotional handicapping is recognized as the root cause of a low achievement as compared to children who are not deaf (Amatzia). However, for teachers who daily work with children with the purpose of helping them become academically equipped to take their places in a career world that is geared to high educational achievement, the situation of low achiev ement becomes frustrating, discouraging, and depressing (Meadow-Orlans). It is my belief that this low achievement level can lead to â€Å"professional depression†. This is a condition when teachers feel limited and discouraged in their efforts to impart knowledge in the deaf children. In addition, for teachers and for environment where the change is less welcomed as so many things have been tried, it seems that there has been minimal success. Thus, there is circular effect, according to which low achievement leads to low expectations that lead to lowered acceptance of new ideas.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The dominant view of deafness in our society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In spite of this negative evaluation, I feel that many recent developments begin breaking this negative cycle (Meadow-Orlans). Movements towards community action led by deaf persons, increasing opportunities for such peop le in high status positions, attract greater attention of federal agencies to the deaf communities, and all these turn deaf education into a new and more promising direction. Mainstreaming for deaf children: The pros and cons Mainstreaming, which means the inclusion of deaf children (and children with other handicapping conditions) in classrooms with non – handicapped peers, has been called the most important issue in deaf education today (Friend). The passage of Public Law 94 – 142 has brought much attention to it recently, but in deaf education, the issue was raised a long time ago, and today’s arguments have been discussed in relation to day schools versus residential schools and â€Å"separated settings† versus â€Å"inclusive settings.† There are many versions of mainstreaming policies, and it is important to separate them considering advantages and disadvantages of the issue (Meadow-Orlans). There are two extremes in contrasting educational s ettings. One consists of full time placement in a residential school for deaf children where all the students are deaf, and where a deaf child lives in a dormitory and attends classes with other deaf students, seeing hearing family members and peers more frequently than during weekend visits home (Friend). Another extreme is full time placement in the neighborhood school closest to the deaf child’s home, where he or she may be the only child with a hearing impairment in his or her classroom, or indeed, in the entire school. Some differences of this arrangement might include visits from traveling specialists for tutoring or speech therapy, and provision of a full time interpreter if the deaf child depends on Total Communication. An older alternative of â€Å"integration† for children is the provision of a trained teacher of the deaf for a small group of deaf children in a special classroom within an ordinary school. This â€Å"day class† arrangement is a model th at has been present for many years (Lucas, Robert and Clayton). Deaf children would often participate with taunting and heckling peers in non-academic classes, such as home economics, physical education, and art. They would have opportunities to interact with hearing students at lunchtime and during class recess. Small class size and individualized attention would be possible as well. However, the age range in these classrooms, as well as the range ability or academic achievement level, is often very wide (Meadow-Orlans).Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This can mean that the deaf child has no true peers against whom to measure and pit his skills or look for intellectual stimulation and companionship. In the larger age pools of day schools or residential schools, it is possible to group students on the basis of age, ability, or both, thus using teaching time and student self help models more successfully than in settings where a number of deaf students are very small. There is still another kind of educational recommendation available to some deaf children. It is based on experience of a deaf child who is put in a maintain stream system and appears to be the only handicapped child in his/her neighborhood or school. For some parents and educators, this model is ideal because the goal of such an early education and training is aimed at fast development. It is true that this situation is the closest to achieving normalization. A deaf child can live at home rather than travel to a residential school, where he/she must live in a dormito ry rather instead of growing up in a full – time family setting. He does not have to endure a tiring experience of traveling long distances on a school bus in order to get to a special school (Amatzia). Classmates live nearby; they are not scattered throughout urban or metropolitan areas. This means that after school, playmates are more readily at hand. Neighborhood children of the same age are known through the classroom and supposedly are more available for afterschool play. A deaf child has a positive experience of sharing school and teachers with older and younger siblings. Parents can devote all their energies to one school rather than dividing time and effort to the schools which their deaf and hearing children attend (Meadow-Orlans). A deaf child is not singled out for special treatment and made feel alienated from neighborhood friends and siblings. These are some of the advantages of mainstreaming or integration if it works in the ideal manner envisaged by its propone nts. Unfortunately, however, reality is frequently very different from ideal. In real situation, a deaf child is often overwhelmed in a large group of classmates. For many years, educators of deaf children have been working to reduce the size of classes in which youngsters with hearing problems are taught. A class size of ten was once considered to be a goal toward which to work; then seven became the norm in most states. Now, even five deaf children are considered to be the best number of pupils that a special education teacher can handle comfortably (Lucas, Robert and Clayton). A mainstreamed deaf child is deposited in a classroom with 25 or 30 other children with hearing handicaps, the teacher in the mainstreamed child’s classroom may never have seen a deaf child before, and may have had absolutely no idea what to expect or how to respond. Integration of any kind requires communication. Acceptance is based on more than good will, it comes from comfortable interaction. Too often, this easy interaction between a deaf child and hearing classmates is a difficult and, perhaps, unrealized dream (Amatzia). For younger deaf children, this interaction may come more easily, especially if a deaf child is outgoing. The games and activities of younger children are less dependent on language. As children become older, their activities are less physical, and deaf children have more difficulties trying to participate in those games. Interaction becomes more and more forced, communication more and more strained (Meadow-Orlans). The difficulties that deaf children feel in a situation where there is only one child who is â€Å"different† because he wears a hearing aid can create extreme difficulties of self-esteem and social development. The push towards mainstreaming has come primarily from the effort to provide mentally retarded children with need opportunities for placement in regular classes. This thrust, in turn, comes to some extent from people who are con cerned with the large numbers of ethnic racial minority children who are labeled retarded because they are culturally different and, as a result, receive low scores on intelligence tests that are designed for children from the middle class majority culture (Reynolds and Elaine). The efforts to encourage greater opportunities for these children should not have the unintended consequences of forcing deaf children into classrooms where they cannot get a special help they need from teachers who have been trained in special methods to help them overcome their handicap (Lucas, Robert and Clayton). It should not be assumed automatically that the classroom in the neighborhood school with a single handicapped youngster is the â€Å"least restrictive environment.† For some handicapped children, this is in fact the â€Å"most restrictive environment.† Some forgotten sub groups of deaf children The language and educational problems of the majority of deaf children are so great and have remained unsolved for so long that there is a tendency among those involved with deaf education and rehabilitation to be less concerned with more difficult subgroups than might need the help most of all (Gargiulo). Another reason for lack of concern is the small total number of children involved. When the total number of deaf children is only 1% of the school population, providing specialized services for smaller numbers of special groups within the total deaf group becomes even more difficult. I am concerned of deaf children who come from homes where the language spoken is Spanish, Chinese, or some other one, not English. I am worried about deaf children who have some other physical handicaps such as blindness or cerebral palsy, in addition to their auditory difficulty or who are mentally retarded or emotionally disturbed. I am thinking of children whose families do not belong to the majority white middle class culture, or who come from isolated rural areas, or families whose resources are extremely limited (Meadow-Orlans). It is these families who are most likely to be excluded from the advantages of adequate medical care, and their children are least likely to be diagnosed for congenital handicapping conditions. Thus, the first and the most helpful program for these children would be a truly effective â€Å"child find† to identify babies with auditory handicaps in the first months of life. Public Law 94 – 142 was primarily aimed at these kinds of children, and I hope that they will begin to get additional attention they require as a result of its provision. Another group of deaf children that is neglected consists of gifted children. The gifted are those who perform at or above the level of their hearing peers. They may be capable of these elevated performances because of superior intelligence, or because they were exposed to language very early (Friend). At the present time, these children are so few in numbers that they do not fit into the existing programs for hearing handicapped children. Thus, another discouraging and frustrating experience that parents have is trying to find an appropriate school program for their deaf child. Hopefully, we will begin seeing new ways of dealing with these kinds of sub groups in the future (Meadow-Orlans). Conclusion The status of deaf education in 1985 was characterized by a great energy and a large diversity, although the opposition between methods has decreased. The oral manual controversy is not as bitter as it was before with most people on each side recognizing the merits of the alternative now (Lucas, Robert and Clayton). The question is not of a choice between exclusively oral and combined oral manual methods, but of deciding for whom, when and how much each modality should be used. General agreements are of top importance for early detection, assessment, and intervention, including proper hearing aid fitting and maintenance. The role of parents as the first educators o f their deaf children is widely recognized. Their full participation is essential for the success of any method. Parents should, therefore, be thoroughly informed about different programs available so that they can make their own choices (Meadow-Orlans). The fact that more than 90% of the deaf children’s parents are normally hearing must be taken into account in any decision about education policy. Whichever method is adopted, and whether priority is given to speech or sign, all the educators of today should have common goals. These goals include enabling deaf children to acquire the mastery of language needed to assert their personalities and attain full accomplishment; bringing deaf children to compete literacy, through which they would be able to reach the degree of academic achievement corresponding to their intellectual capacities and personal motivation. In addition, the education sector has faced challenges for both the mainstream and separate programs that include dea f students. Programs often have to hire teachers when they are working on their training or certification or have an area of specialization different from the one in which they are expected to teach. Despite this shortage, the deaf training programs around the United States are closing because there are few classrooms dedicated to deaf children, and a small number of graduate students are applying to those programs. In difficult economic times, mobile teachers are given larger caseloads, and this often drives them from the field, resulting in a greater shortage. In difficult economic times, teachers have been given larger classes to meet the demand. However, as rewarding as deaf education can be, without the right tools and with students who have so many challenges, teachers of the deaf are even more appreciated and required than teachers of hearing children. Works Cited Amatzia, Weisel. Issues unresolved:new perspectives on language and deaf education. New York: Gallaudet Universit y Press, 1998. Print. Friend, Marilyn Penovich. Special education:contemporary perspectives for school professionals. New York: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon, 2008. Print. Gargiulo, Richard M. Special Education in Contemporary Society:An Introduction to Exceptionality. California: SAGE, 2010. Print. Lucas, Ceil, et al. Sociolinguistic variation in American sign language. New York: Gallaudet University Press, 2001. Print. Meadow-Orlans, Kathryn P. Deafness and child development. California: University of California Press, 1980. Print. Reynolds, Cecil and Elaine Fletcher-Janzen. Encyclopedia of Special Education: A-D. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2007. Print. Tennant, Richard and Brown Marianne Gluszak. The American Sign Language handshape dictionary. New York: Gallaudet University Press, 1998. Print. This essay on The dominant view of deafness in our society was written and submitted by user Virginia Cantu to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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